Thaler and Sustain introduced the notion of nudging to talk about how subtle changes in the 'choice architecture' can alter people's behavior in predictable ways. Leveraging this concept, researchers have designed systems that introduce subtle changes in the way choices and information are presented with the goal of intuitively guide behaviors.

Through a systematic review of the use of nudging in the top 15 journals and conferences in the HCI field, we were able to lay out the design space of technology-mediated nudges and identify the why (i.e., which cognitive biases do nudges combat) and the how (i.e., what exact mechanisms do nudges employ to incur behavior change). All in all, we found 23 distinct mechanisms of nudging, grouped in 6 categories, and leveraging 15 different cognitive biases and discussed the factors shapping nudges' effectiveness and their ethical implication.

Paper available:

Caraban, A., Karapanos, E., Gonçalves, D., & Campos, P. (2019, May). 23 ways to nudge: A review of technology-mediated nudging in human-computer interaction. In Proceedings of CHI'19 (pp. 1-15). (see the paper)

How we made the cards

To make nudge theory acessible during the design process, we build on our 23 Ways to Nudge Framework and designed the Nudge Deck. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Nudge Deck supporting practicioners during the design process and observed that the cards were able to enhance designer's self-efficacy beliefs in designing nudging interventions and led to more theoretically grounded and create solutions.

Paper available:

Caraban, A., Konstantinou, L., & Karapanos, E. (2020, July). The Nudge Deck: A Design Support Tool for Technology-Mediated Nudging. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM on Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 395-406).